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ESD.02 Essentials of Engineering Lecture Notes

Engineering Processes: Define the Problem

The First Step in Engineering is to Assess/Create the Need and to Define the Problem that will be Solved.
It is critical not to simply restate assumed solutions but to focus only on the problem in order to keep your mind open and unbiased.

  • take any situation and structure it into "layers"
    - layers can be artificial, practical, or physical
    - layers are /called systems and subsystems
    - There are various models for doing this:

    Hourglass Model
    /|\
    somewhat less visible
     |    _______________
     |    \             /  
     |     -------------
     |      \         /   EXTERNALS (corporations, universe, etc.)
     |       ---------    Externals affect the Focus overtly, constantly
     |        \     /     people must make conscious concerted effort to affect Externals
    \|/       -------
    visible  (       )    FOCUS: the here, the physical environment or people
    /|\       -------
     |        /     \     
     |        -------
     |       /       \    INTERNALS (beliefs, genetics, atoms etc.)
     |       ---------    Internals affect the Focus overtly, constantly
     |      /         \   people must make conscious concerted effort to affect Internals
     |     -------------
    much less visible
    \|/
    

    Onion Model
    every layer you peel, there's a thicker layer inside

    Altitude View Model

    Look at problem from varying heights (from a plane or from a mountain)
    Highest altitude shows entire system
    Lower altitudes show subsystems

    How do the systems affect each other?
    look at interfaces between levels of abstraction

    flow down (through layers) -> objectives, needs, requirements, specifications
    flow up (through layers) -> constraints, tolerances, conflicts, constraints

    Example of Problem Definition and System Structuring:

    Comunity through Dining
         |
         +-> Common Dining
               |
               +-> Only for Dinner Meal
                   |
                   +-> Food is Served
                        |
                        +-> Dinner is at 5pm
                            |
                            +-> only one menu possible
                                 |
                                 +-> there will always be bread 
                                      |
                                      +-> bread will always be wheat
    


    Discussion of Term Project Problem